This page gives you topic-wise solved CSS Pakistan Affairs past papers from 2015 to 2026. All 84 subjective questions are grouped under the 28 syllabus topics, and each question links to its full solved answer.
How to use it: choose a topic below, read the questions asked under it, then open the solved answer.
Choose a Topic
Topic I is asked almost every year, followed by democracy, national integration and the constitution. Topics IV, X, XIX and XXI have not been asked directly in this period.
Topic-Wise Solved Past Papers
Questions are shown as printed in the papers.
Topic I: Ideology of Pakistan, Muslim Rule, Reform Movements, Iqbal and Quaid (15 questions)
- 2016 Q5: Jinnah in his Presidential Address to the annual session of All India Muslim League in March 1940 said, “The problem in India is not of an inter-communal character, but manifestly of an international one, and it must be treated as such.” Write note on the Two Nation Theory and the Lahore Resolution of March 1940 in the light of this statement. Read the solved answer
- 2021 Q8: Critically evaluate the evolution of Muslim Separate identity in the Subcontinent. Read the solved answer
- 2015 Q2: “Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was in no way pro-British”. Agree or disagree, answer your question with arguments. Read the solved answer
- 2016 Q2: Give an account of the life and services of Shah Waliullah. How did he save the Indian Muslims from political annihilation and religious degeneration? Read the solved answer
- 2016 Q3: The Aligarh Movement was a pure educational venture but it had deep impacts on Indian politics. Discuss. Read the solved answer
- 2020 Q2: How the reform movement of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi influenced the history of Muslim India? Read the solved answer
- 2024 Q3: Keeping in view the socio-politico circumstances of sub-continent, discuss the role of Sheikh Ahmed Sarhindi (Mujadid Alf Thani) who revived Islamic Ideology and established Muslim identity in sub-continent. Read the solved answer
- 2015 Q3: “It was over-reaction of Hindus to the partition of the Bengal in 1905 that widened the gulf between Muslims and Hindus”. Comment. Read the solved answer
- 2015 Q4: “Khilafat Movement was an emotional movement”. Discuss. Read the solved answer
- 2016 Q4: Critically analyze the elections of 1937 and the sufferings and grievances of the Muslims under the Congress rule in the provinces (1937-1939). How much did it help in popularizing the idea of a separate Muslim state in India? Read the solved answer
- 2018 Q3: Discuss the 3rd June Plan or Mountbatten Plan and also describe how it was implemented? Read the solved answer
- 2019 Q2: Critically examine Congress Ministries of 1973 [the paper prints 1973; the Congress Ministries were 1937-39]. How far it is correct to suggest that it paved the way for the separate Muslim homeland in India? Read the solved answer
- 2018 Q2: Critically evaluate the foundations of Allama Iqbal’s concept of Muslim separatism in the context of Indo-Pak Subcontinent. Read the solved answer
- 2023 Q2: Write a detailed and systematic analysis of the charismatic leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of Indian Muslims during the crisis-ridden decade of 1937-47. Read the solved answer
- 2026 Q2: Conduct a comprehensive appraisal of the similarities and differences between Iqbal’s philosophical ideas and Jinnah’s political interpretation of the Pakistan ideology. Read the solved answer
Topic II: Land and People of Pakistan (5 questions)
- 2015 Q6: Briefly discuss the main features of cultural heritage of Pakistan. Read the solved answer
- 2017 Q6: Enumerate the measures adopted by HEC for promotion of higher education and qualitative research in Pakistan. Read the solved answer
- 2019 Q8: Efficient use of natural resources can make Pakistan a prosperous nation. Discuss in the light of present situation of Pakistan. Read the solved answer
- 2023 Q3: Having the largest irrigation system in the world, the land of the sub-continent served as the main food supply basket for the British power for more than a century, but now Pakistan has to import food commodities. Discuss in detail the causes of this agricultural decline. Read the solved answer
- 2023 Q4: Industrialization is the backbone of the modern economic system and uplifts the standard of living of the masses. Elaborate causes for the hindrance of industrial development in Pakistan. Read the solved answer
Topic III: Pakistan and Changing Regional Apparatus (3 questions)
- 2017 Q4: CPEC is a flagship project of One Belt One Road (OBOR) and a regional game changer. Explain. Read the solved answer
- 2021 Q4: How CPEC phase II will galvanize industrialization and employment in Pakistan? Read the solved answer
- 2025 Q4: Explore the significance of CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) for the economic development of Pakistan. What are its potential challenges and opportunities? Read the solved answer
Topic IV: Nuclear Program of Pakistan (0 questions)
Not asked directly from 2015 to 2026.
Topic V: Regional Cooperation Organizations (SAARC, ECO, SCO) (2 questions)
- 2017 Q5: Explore the significance of Shinghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for Pakistan. Read the solved answer
- 2020 Q3: China, Pakistan-Russia cooperation will find suitable support mechanism in Shanghai Cooperation organization (SCO). Elaborate. Read the solved answer
Topic VI: Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan (2 questions)
- 2024 Q7: In Modern day democracy there must be a Pragmatic Civil-Military relationship to deal all the internal and external security threats. Analyze with reference to the role of Pakistan’s security and stability in South-Asia. Read the solved answer
- 2026 Q5: Critically assess how youth perspectives, digital activism, and civil society movements are influencing civil military relations. Read the solved answer
Topic VII: Economic Challenges in Pakistan (3 questions)
- 2019 Q4: What major economic challenges are being faced by Pakistan? What recommendation do you suggest to deal with these issues. Read the solved answer
- 2021 Q7: “Political Stability is mandatory for economic prosperity in Pakistan”. Elaborate. Read the solved answer
- 2026 Q6: Undertake a concise assessment of the key economic challenges currently confronting Pakistan. Illustrate how IMF’s conditions can shape the country’s path towards economic stabilization and long-term financial sustainability? Read the solved answer
Topic VIII: Non-Traditional Security Threats (1 question)
- 2018 Q5: Define non-state actors. ‘Non-state actors are posing more threat to Pakistan’s national security than threats from external state actors.’ Argue in favour or against. Read the solved answer
Topic IX: Pakistan’s Role in the Region (1 question)
- 2023 Q7: Pakistan is located on the cross-road of South Asia. Explain its geo-strategic/political importance and challenges. Read the solved answer
Topic X: The Palestine Issue (0 questions)
Read the solved answer for the likely CSS 2027 question on Pakistan’s stance on Palestine
Not asked directly from 2015 to 2026.
Topic XI: Changing Security Dynamics (2 questions)
- 2021 Q6: How Pakistan should combat 5th generation war successfully? Read the solved answer
- 2024 Q5: Global warming presents an existential threat to states like Pakistan. Examine the far-reaching impacts of global warming on Pakistan and propose a model of economic development that aligns with environmental protection. Read the solved answer
Topic XII: Political Evolution Since 1971 (2 questions)
- 2015 Q7: Was Islamization during Zia era a need of Pakistan or was it a political propaganda? Read the solved answer
- 2025 Q6: Critically evaluate the impact of Bhutto’s nationalization policy on the economy of Pakistan. Read the solved answer
Topic XIII: Pakistan and US War on Terror (2 questions)
- 2015 Q8: Critically evaluate the role of Pakistan in “The War on Terror”. Read the solved answer
- 2023 Q6: Joining the US led coalition in the war against terrorism has many short and long term repercussions for Pakistan. Elaborate. Read the solved answer
Topic XIV: Foreign Policy of Pakistan Post 9/11 (4 questions)
- 2016 Q6: Write note on the post 9/11 foreign policy of Pakistan. What role do you foresee for Pakistan in regional and global politics in the near future? Read the solved answer
- 2018 Q7: Discuss the changing trends in Pakistan-US relations since 2001. Read the solved answer
- 2020 Q8: Discuss revival of Pak-US relations in context of present US-Taliban peace process. Read the solved answer
- 2022 Q8: Discuss the issues and mistrust in US-Pakistan relations after the withdrawal of the US troops from Afghanistan. Read the solved answer
Topic XV: Evolution of Democratic System in Pakistan (8 questions)
- 2017 Q8: How general elections in 2002, 2008 and 2013 strengthened democracy in Pakistan? Read the solved answer
- 2018 Q4: Describe the political system of Pakistan. Which form of government is suitable to make country politically stable? Read the solved answer
- 2020 Q6: Discuss the main features of Political culture of Pakistan. Read the solved answer
- 2022 Q4: Evaluate the factional politics of early years (1947-58) and its impact on the democratic process of Pakistan. Read the solved answer
- 2023 Q5: The evolution of democratic system has always remained a dilemma in Pakistan, even after passing more than seven decades of its existence the democracy could not get its roots. Discuss in detail. Read the solved answer
- 2024 Q2: Political stability remains an elusive concept in Pakistan. Explore the factors contributing to the fractured nature of Pakistan’s polity and discuss potential reforms to the constitutional and political structure that could foster stability. Read the solved answer
- 2024 Q4: The Democratization process in Pakistan is still weak and ambiguous. Do you consider dynastic politics and feudalism are the major hindrances on the way of establishing true democratic system in Pakistan? Explain. Read the solved answer
- 2025 Q8: Is media a curse or blessing? Critically evaluate its role in shaping public opinion and influencing political events in Pakistan in the 21st century. Read the solved answer
Topic XVI: Ethnic Issues and National Integration (8 questions)
Read the solved answer for the likely CSS 2027 question on the unrest in Balochistan
- 2015 Q5: “Separation of East Pakistan, though a tragic part of History of Pakistan, was not the negation of two nation theory”. Comment. Read the solved answer
- 2017 Q2: Pakistan’s national culture reflects unity in diversity. Elaborate. Read the solved answer
- 2018 Q8: There is crisis of national integration in Pakistan since its creation. What measures do you suggest for the promotion of national integration of Pakistan? Read the solved answer
- 2022 Q2: Discuss the role of regional and nationalist political parties in Pakistani politics. How far these parties are necessary for the political system? Read the solved answer
- 2024 Q6: How should Pakistan manage the equitable distribution of resources among different ethnic regions to address historical grievances and promote developments across the country? Read the solved answer
- 2024 Q8: Since Independence, the most critical concern for Internal security is National Integration. Discuss the role of constitutional provisions enabling provincial autonomy and devolution of Power to strengthen National integration in Pakistan? Read the solved answer
- 2025 Q3: Examine the causes and consequences of the 1971 separation of East Pakistan, highlighting the role of regional and international players. Read the solved answer
- 2025 Q5: Analyze the demographic and cultural diversity of Pakistan and its impact on national integration and policymaking. Read the solved answer
Topic XVII: Hydro Politics (2 questions)
- 2019 Q7: Critically analyze the key causes of delaying constriction of dams in Pakistan. Give some suggestions to revert this collateral loss. Read the solved answer
- 2025 Q2: How did the Indus Waters Treaty (1960) affect water distribution and relations between Pakistan and India? Read the solved answer
Topic XVIII: Pakistan’s National Interest (2 questions)
- 2022 Q5: Every state designs its foreign policy on its National interests rejecting feelings and emotions. Why did Pakistan prefer emotions, feelings and Ideology in its foreign policy? Also analyze its impact. Read the solved answer
- 2022 Q7: Why did Pakistan join Western Defense Pacts? What cost it had to pay for that? Explain. Read the solved answer
Topic XIX: Challenges to Sovereignty (0 questions)
Not asked directly from 2015 to 2026.
Topic XX: Pakistan’s Energy Problems and their Effects (4 questions)
- 2017 Q7: Explore the option of alternative energy resources to overcome energy crisis in Pakistan. Read the solved answer
- 2019 Q6: What are the main causes of energy crisis in Pakistan? What measure do you recommend to address it? Read the solved answer
- 2020 Q7: Pakistan’s energy crisis was due to the lack of strategy and political will. Discuss. Read the solved answer
- 2021 Q5: Discuss the significance of renewable energy resources for Pakistan. Read the solved answer
Topic XXI: Pakistan’s Relations with Neighbors excluding India (0 questions)
Not asked directly from 2015 to 2026.
Topic XXII: Pakistan and India Relations Since 1947 (1 question)
- 2020 Q4: What are the major provisions of Simla Agreement (1972) between Pakistan and India? How it was helpful for establishment of durable peace in the region? Read the solved answer
Topic XXIII: The Kashmir Issue (4 questions)
- 2016 Q7: Discuss the Kashmir problem in its entirety; throwing light on its background and prospects of possible solutions to this core issue between India and Pakistan. Read the solved answer
- 2021 Q2: Enumerate the measures adopted by Pakistan to spotlight on the plight of Kashmiri people in the Indian occupied Jammu and Kashmir after 5th August 2019. Read the solved answer
- 2025 Q7: The Kashmir dispute is an unfinished agenda of the 1947 partition. Evaluate Pakistan’s Kashmir policy for the solution of the problem. Read the solved answer
- 2026 Q7: “The unresolved Kashmir issue exposes the inherent weakness in United Nations Security Council’s Architecture.” Critically examine the role of UNSC in resolving the Kashmir issue. Read the solved answer
Topic XXIV: The War in Afghanistan since 1979 (3 questions)
- 2016 Q8: Write note on the Afghan War since 1979 and its impacts on Pakistan. How far the emergence of the “Non-State Actors” and Non-Traditional Security Threats in Pakistan can be attributed to the decades-long warfare in Afghanistan? Read the solved answer
- 2021 Q3: Explain “Afghans owned, Afghans led” solution of Afghanistan crisis. Read the solved answer
- 2026 Q3: “The instability in Afghanistan continues to influence Pakistan’s internal security, regional diplomacy, and counter terrorism strategy”. Critically examine the above statement and suggest policy measures to address the issue/challenge. Read the solved answer
Topic XXV: Proxy Wars (1 question)
- 2020 Q5: What is meant by the term “Proxy War”? Are there any extrinsic factors at play in the internal security situation of Pakistan? Read the solved answer
Topic XXVI: Economic Conditions (1 question)
- 2022 Q6: What is the volume of grants, aid and loans in Pakistan’s economy in the last ten years to stimulate the growth? Discuss. Read the solved answer
Topic XXVII: Recent Constitutional and Legal Debates (6 questions)
Read the solved answer for the likely CSS 2027 question on new provinces and local government
- 2017 Q3: Discus the role of judiciary in the constitutional development of Pakistan. Read the solved answer
- 2018 Q6: Discuss the nature of centre-province relations under the 1973 Constitution. Read the solved answer
- 2019 Q3: How far the nature of center province relations has changed under various amendments to the 1973 constitution? Evaluate. Read the solved answer
- 2022 Q3: Discuss the Federal Structure of 1973 Constitution of Pakistan after 18th Amendment. Why criticism on 18th Amendment started recently? Read the solved answer
- 2026 Q4: To what extent does the 27th Constitutional Amendment strengthens or weakens constitutionalism and rule of law in Pakistan? Justify your stance with valid arguments. Read the solved answer
- 2026 Q8: Critically assess the performance of health and education sectors after being handed over to the Provinces under the 18th amendment and suggest way forward. Read the solved answer
Topic XXVIII: Prevailing Social Problems (2 questions)
- 2019 Q5: “The population growth in Pakistan can erupt like an atomic bomb”. Comment Read the solved answer
- 2023 Q8: Pakistan is considered to be the fifth-largest youth bulge country in the world. Given this youth bulge, deliberate on ways forward for Sustainable Economic Development in Pakistan. Read the solved answer
Solved Likely Questions for CSS 2027
These are predicted questions, not confirmed ones.